[4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. In April 1713 Louis XIV of France, his grandson Philip V of Spain and the British Queen Anne signed a peace treaty in the Dutch town of Utrecht. stadholder. Petition of Right. [19] This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French privateers, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel. trial by jury) and est. Janvier 1710, "The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power", "Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries", "Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain", Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products, "A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers", David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 17141760", "The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power", "The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&oldid=1149888949, Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia, Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid, This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 02:22. [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. Finally, with the dominance of shipbuilding and its massive fleet, the Dutch formed the. Frances Guiana colony in South America was restricted in size. Religious tolerance and freedom of religion for Catholics, Lutherans, Anabaptist and Jews helped the Dutch avoid the internal religious conflicts of other European nations and contributed to commercial economic growth. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. -replaced w/ Board of Administrators to run agencies (justice, war) in absence ~ Upholds Balance of Powers The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. L. cosmopolitanism. G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. -- revoked the Edict of Nantes. LUTHER --> condemned corruption in the Church; believed priests should practice what they preached. -divides Russia into provinces to extend royal authority d. The Dutch Golden Age was also characterized by a strong and influential merchant class. -- a conservative response to the spread of Protestantism. -Southern lands remain Catholic + Spanish Control Peace of Utrecht 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Vienna was gateway to into Europe, in 1683, the Ottomans try and seize it. This is a missed opportunity to reflect on the long history of our inter-relationship with Europe and the wider world. - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 -Expenses of war devastated economy (taxes, forced borrowing) a. -Believes in Divine Right to rule (Responsible to God, not Parliament) Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes C. decline in papal influence --> nationalistic churches springing up. ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY Peace between the emperor and Spain was not concluded until the Treaty of The Hague (February 1720). answer choices. -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, After 30 years War: HRE declined into separate political units -> Austria+ Prussia were the more Dominant States -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. ~1559: Appoints half-sister as Regent-> Inquisition+ raise taxes -- individual interpretation of Sacred Scriptures. ~ Primary Interest in Increasing Russia's Size + Military Power Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. Maria . E. the middle class wished to run their religious affairs as they handled their new businesses. The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). Work Ethic") Social Significance of the Reformation: -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe. -France Grows as Europe and New World becomes an integrated market -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters [45] Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. - city saved by foreign aid (Polish+Russians) SIR THOMAS MORE --> expressed idea of communal living; no class distinctions; no unemployment; no competition; everyone living and working together; defied -Munster and Osnabruck in Westphalia peace talks, war kills 1/3 of German population, Rescinded Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution + reasserted major feature of religious settlement: Peace of Augsburg G. Kept bishops for administrative purposes. 100 years war. aristocracy. The treaty with Portugal recognized its sovereignty on both banks of the Amazon River. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. In 1566, the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, officially becoming the independent Dutch Republic in 1648. -Turkish Army laid Siege to Vienna 1683 -> peak Muslims in Europe -gained no additional land, but kept Strasbourg and part of Alsace Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). -Growth in wealth -> paid debts + increased population he improved Fr. -standing army increased from 38k to 83k 3. -Anglican Church is mix of protestant doctrine + traditional Catholicism prestige and power of a modern nation. -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). I. under Spanish Succession War translation English dictionary definition of Spanish. The French negotiator Melchior de Polignac taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark de vous, chez vous, sans vous,[28] meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. No need for sacraments (except Baptism, Eucharist, & Confirmation) or good works. -Moves are made to restore monarchy by nobles w/ Charles II, Restore English monarchy under Charles II he tamed the Fr. maintain a strong monarchy, standing army, efficient tax structures, large bureaucracy, and a more I. order to produce more capital. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). to the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War. Smallpox infects natives and kills off almost 40%. ~ Religious Divisions increase tensions for War : systems. In africa in emotional exuberance and. The War of the Spanish Succession was occasioned by the failure of the Habsburg king, Charles II of Spain, to produce an heir. J. Puritans in England; Huguenots in France; Presbyterians in Scotland. -- built Versailles (keep the nobles under his watchful eyes!) The Renaissance and Reformation paved the way for the new science and philosophy of the 17c and 18c. -Traditional restraints on women were lifted, encouraged to mix and play greater gender role (Family Life), Economics: C. Only true authority is the Bible. H. freedom --> a mind as well as a society free to think, free from prejudice. Due Monday April 20: Create timeline like last time ( below) - one overall course - other Early Politics - you can draw and send pictures, PowerPoint, or Google Slides: email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. Spain was compelled to give Britain control of the lucrative West African slave trade and to let Britain send one ship of merchandise into the Spanish colonies annually, through Porto Bello on the Isthmus of Panama. ~ enforced spy network to uncover noble plots -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands View AP Euro Chapter 18 Notes.pdf from AP EURO 730 at Alan B. Shepard High School. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). England stabilized under constitutionalism after the Glorious Revolution, and France stabilized under the absolutist control of Louis XIV, allowing these nations to emerge as world leaders. The previous conferences were: in Nijmegen (1678-1679), in Rijswijk (1697), in Utrecht (1713), in Vienna (1738), in Aachen (1748), and Paris -- make France the strongest country in Europe. -Imperial electors of Brandenburg added Prussia to its holdings (1618) when junior branch (cousins) of family died out (expand marriage/death), Thirty Years War and other conflicts weakened power of Estates (representative bodies) in German Territories, weak, but managed to be crowned -> King Frederick I by the HRE for services in War of Spanish Succession, "The Soldiers King" brings Power -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism IV. B. cosmology --> new world view based on Newtonian physics --> analysis of natural phenomena as -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power demography. Politics and Greed overshadowed religion and brought many parties into war. Article II, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht. -adopted mercantilism policies (export more than import), "open a window to the west" an ice free port on the Baltic Sea w/ Euro access Tags: Question 3. -Abolished monarchy, House of Lords and Anglican Church - January 1642: king attempts arrest several Parliament members, leaves London and prepares for War, Civil War fought between Roundheads (Parliament) and Cavaliers (Royalists) III. -- basic human rights that no government can take away: life, liberty, and property. Growth of consumer goods coming out of the Americas Seven Years War b/w the English and French over the . - Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean Apr 13, 1598 . Spaniards collected taxes and labor in return for protection, wages, and religion. Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. In the second half of the 17th century, England emerged as the dominant commercial power, and the Dutch Republic gradually declined. **Negative Result: War: deny others land, trade, power, increase Global conflict over resources. E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England. strong in Spain --> expulsion of the Moors {Moriscos} E. Germany was the home of Luther and of many new, more theologically "liberal" universities. . Ap Euro Midterm. -Treaty of Nijmegen gave France more Flemish towns The Catholic Church was a source of wealth for Italy. Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) Year(t)Cashflow1$800290031,00041,50052,000\begin{array}{cc} By the treaty with Britain (April 11), France recognized Queen Anne as the British sovereign and undertook to cease supporting James Edward, the son of the deposed king James II. -Puritans fear Catholic revival, Married to Catholic (failed to enforce Anti-Catholic laws), 1637: English order Scots use Anglican Worship service Answer the following questions using the data in the attached table. France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. War of the Spanish Succession . -Catherine, influenced by Guise family to wipe out Huguenots Imperialism: expanding your empire (1648) Treaty that ended the 30 years' war: (1566-1587) revolt in response to Philip II's absentee rule, republic formed after the Revolt of the Netherlands, (1588) huge fleet sent by Philip II in an attempt to conquer Protestant England, (1667-1668) Louis XIV's invasion of the United Provinces, (1672-1678) Louis XIV's war against William of Orange; ended with treaty of Nijmegen, (1688-1697) war in which Louis XIV fought against the Grand Alliance of all major European powers, (1701-1713) war over the successor of Charles II "the sufferer"; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV's grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht, (1713) Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession: (belief total volume of trade is fixed) . France accepted the Protestant succession on the British throne, ensuring a smooth transition when Anne died in August 1714, and ended its support for the Stuarts under the 1716 Anglo-French Treaty. Performances of Peace - 2015-10 "Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713" aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. ~ Franche-Comte, caused formation of the League of Augsburg Capitalism: trade managed by pirvate property + companies, private held profit. LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. Huguenots right to worship in selected areas/ fortified towns The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. Key Concept 1.2 Religious pluralism challenged the concept of a . [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. This paper assesses what this inclusion signified to the treaty negotiators at Utrecht and what the balance of power meant to them both as a political principle and for its legal implications. -- Hapsburg interests --> Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Balkans). -- Great Schism However, these challenges did not diminish the country's overall prosperity and cultural achievements, and the Dutch Golden Age remains an important period in European history. gave them almost complete control over the Mediterranean and North seas . Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. (study original sources in the original Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren. -- Whigs and Tories (distinctions between political party). The treaty followed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713, which had ended hostilities between France and Spain, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, on the other. This economic growth led to an increase in wealth and a rise in the standard of living for many Dutch people. Peace of Augsburg. The wars ended in 1713 with peace terms signed at Utrecht. Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. -- they found Church bureaucracies still too medieval and rigid (view on usury, e.g.) -Don John's demonstration at Mediterranean against English+ France Marked the end of French expansionist policy. French culture and political power dominated Europe in the 18c. B. Charles I (1625-1649) A. Catholic "Counter"-Reformation The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. he centralized the Fr. 49. They were the lucrative West African slave trade. -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development Calvinism: Most of the wars of the period, including conflicts fought outside of Europe, stemmed from attempts either to preserve or disturb the balance of power . The Major Themes of the Era: - Philip concerned with enjoying life Two peace treaties that in 1714 ended ongoing European conflicts following the War of the Spanish Succession. D. Emergence of a new eco. I. The 18c became known - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth - Parliament believed in defending their power sharing role in gov't Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases The Netherlands was home to a number of talented artists and writers, and the country's prosperity allowed for a flourishing arts scene. Between the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), European states managed their external affairs within a balance of power system. -Oligarchy of wealthy merchants (regents) controlled province through States (assemblies) and held all the power Ap Euro Events Terms in this set (16) Peace of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups Council of Trent C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) - St. Petersburg built as new Russian capital (1703) ~ 1576: William "The Silent" of Orange -> Pacification of Ghent -- make France the intellectual and political "light" to the rest of the world. III. - November 1640: Parliament called back LONG PARLIAMENT king opponents dominated Parliament and pass laws to curtail king Mercantilism: form of capitalism, private Property based, highly regulated by Monarchy. Use x as the variable. Parliament (** see your notes for further details **) III. (1618-1648), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. 2016 - aug. 2016 6 maanden. Peace of Augsburg 1555 % complete The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. Differing Concepts of Absolutism: Paternalistic & brutally used for labor. Main Renaissance 1350 - 1430 % complete Period of "creative breakup" . The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. -- he committed Fr. The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. ~ Peace of Prague (1635): German Protestant states led by Saxony compromised w/ Ferdinand. Updates? -Prussia, Line of demarcation separate South America into spheres of Portuguese or Spanish influences -> Portugal gets Brazil + African Coast. -Seen as sympathetic to Catholics (alliance w/ Spain), Puritans: seek to purify Anglican Church from Pope+ Bishops, -Parliament passes Petition of Right (1628) to control King Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation ~ Peace of Utrecht The Dutch had a strong navy, and they were able to control the shipping routes through the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, which allowed them to establish a lucrative trade network that stretched across Europe and beyond. [36] However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa. as the "Age of the Aristocracy". Main Themes: In the treaty with Savoy, France recognized Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, as king of Sicily and that he should rule Sicily and Nice. -Duke of Alva sent to end rebellion K. constitutionalism. 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping -- goals: -- War of Devolution. - Catholic Church paid no taxes owning 20% of land ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power This document ended the War of the Spanish Succession. The now Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite Married clergy. ~ soldiers doubled as tax collectors/police/state bureaucracy This period saw the beginnings of two long-term conflicts--Britain and France over trade and -- war became an activity of the state (the armed forces were formerly in private hands). -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite The Dutch had the largest fleet in the world with 10,000 ships, and they replaced the Italians as the premier bankers of Europe, with the Amsterdam Public Bank attracting foreign merchants who could use bills of exchange as currency.
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