The Organic Theory asserts that a nation's power and prosperity are determined by the size and quality of its territory. Privacy | There is no right of innocent passage through internal waters. Learn a new word every day. Edit. Despite the importance of these resources to the health and security of our nation, only about 40 percent of the U.S. EEZ has been mapped, and significantly less has been fully characterized, meaning that these resources remain poorly understood and undefined. Source: Transport Geography Extradition Overview, Laws & Examples | What is Extradition? June 01, 2013. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. According to Spykman, the "rimland," which includes the coastal regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa, is the key to global dominance because it is the most economically and politically advanced region in the world. Unlike the territorial sea, the contiguous zone only gives jurisdiction to a State on the oceans surface and floor.3 It does not provide air and space rights. It can be helpful to think of the prefixes "ex-" and "en-" when considering the meaning of exclave and enclave. The prefix "ex-" means outside of and the prefix "en-" means inside of. Post the Definition of territorial sea to Facebook, Share the Definition of territorial sea on Twitter, More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes. U.S. Department of Commerce, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Presidential Proclamation No. Two classic examples are Italy, which completely surrounds San Marino and the Vatican, and South Africa, which completely surrounds Lesotho. This caused nations like the U.S., Argentina, and others to lay claim to far greater territories of water off of their coastline and challenge the Freedom of the Seas doctrine by doing so. Ocean Pollution Causes, Effects & Prevention | What is Ocean Pollution? This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a . Territorial sea is defined under the UNCLOS as the 12-nautical mile zone from the baseline or low-water line along the coast. Political Entity Types & Examples | What is a Political Entity? AP Human Geography is ideal for introductory-level AP learning. This hasn't stopped conflict from occurring, however, as most recently exemplified by the land and water claims in the South China Sea by China, Vietnam, and other nations. Irredentism is often fueled by a sense of national identity or by a belief that the territory in question should be reunited with the country in order to be "complete" or "whole.". Overall, the relationship between political power and territoriality is complex and multifaceted, and it plays a central role in the study of geopolitics. Article 56 also allows States to establish and use artificial islands, installations and structures, conduct marine scientific research, and protect and preserve the marine environment through Marine Protected Areas.5 Article 58 declares that Articles 88 to 115 of the Convention relating to high seas rights apply to the EEZ in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part [V].6. If the entrance is more than 24 miles wide, a State can only draw a straight baseline 24 miles across the bay in a way that maximizes the area of internal waters. All rights reserved. The establishment of high seas was instituted by the Convention on the High Seas in 1958 and includes 63 signatories. . Main Phone +1 617-627-3700, Disclaimer | 0 plays. This meant that other nations' fleets could come near another nation's coasts, take resources such as fish, and dump their waste into that same area. - National Ocean Service, Maritime Zones and Boundaries - NOAA Office of General Counsel, Federal Government Releases New Strategies to Advance Ocean Exploration, Website Satisfaction Survey A states territorial sea, where it is sovereign, extends 19 kilometers (12 miles) into the sea. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. 9th - 12th grade . For instance, under the law, the international community is allowed use of navigational features such as straits or canals, such as the relatively narrow Bosporus strait controlled by Turkey. States may claim an EEZ that extends 200 nautical miles from the baseline. Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. Which of these descriptions most accurately describes an exclave? The Heartland Theory has been criticized for its deterministic and Eurocentric approach, which fails to account for the complexity and diversity of world politics. Artem has a doctor of veterinary medicine degree. In order to help settle disputes and concerns regarding the traditional three mile claim to offshore sea each nation had, the United Nations worked for 14 years with over 150 countries around the world to commission the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. You cannot download interactives. This zone extends beyond and adjacent to the seaward boundary of the 12-nautical-mile (14-mile) territorial sea of the United States. Territorial Sea Everything from the baseline to a limit not exceeding twelve miles is considered the State's territorial sea. The distance between Guam and the nearest U.S. state, Hawai'i, is more than 6,000 kilometers (3,728.23 miles). This is the primary distinction between internal waters and territorial seas. It identified which resources and how much each country was entitled to and the laws necessary to conserve the ocean's integrity. Spykman argued that the dominant power in the rimland would be able to project its influence over the rest of the world, including the "heartland" (the interior of the Eurasian landmass) and the "outer crescent" (the Americas and Australia). Living resources, such as fish, are available for exploitation by any vessel from any State. 4 hours ago. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. Ap Human Geography: Political Geography Vocabulary Answers - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! The economic rights within the continental shelf extend only to non-living resources and sedentary living resources, such as shellfish. Broadly speaking, for purposes of international law, a territory is a geographical area subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or other entity. The intention was to define each country and its control over the ocean specifically. The EEZ is a maritime zone established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that extends 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from the baseline of a coastal state. In some cases, boundary disputes may be resolved through negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, while in other cases, they may escalate into military conflict or other forms of violence. In this zone, a coastal State has the exclusive right to exploit or conserve any resources found within the water, on the sea floor, or under the sea floors subsoil. The Law of the Sea sets regulations for countries to follow concerning use of the ocean. Due to the maritime features discussed later in this chapter, the U.S. has the largest EEZ in the world, totaling 3.4 million square nautical miles. The rights of coastal States to regulate and exploit areas of the ocean under their jurisdiction are one the foundations of the LOSC. A state that is completely surrounded by another state. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. A low-tide elevation is a landmass that is completely submerged during high tide but above water at low tide. Spykman's theory has been influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and has been used to justify naval expansion and military intervention in the rimland region. There are some theories that aim to explain this. The main challenges associated with these zones are how variations in geography affect where zones end and where new zones begin. Political power refers to the ability of a group or individual to influence or control the decisions, actions, and resources of others. AP Human Geography AMSCO Vocabulary - Unit 4 Political Geography Using the Quizlet Vocabulary Link for Unit 4 Political Geography, review all the terms provided. It stretches a long way in one direction (either north-south or east-west) and a very short way in the other direction. A country that is completely surrounded by the territory of other countries and has no access to the sea is said to be __________. Finally, they cannot be used to cut off another States access to their territorial sea or EEZ. Territorial Sea a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state Terrorism the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear Spykman was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and immigrated to the United States as a child. The high seas are the waters and oceans outside the territorial jurisdiction of any individual state. Legal status of the territorial . GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. The dispute over the Gulf of Sidra illustrates the challenges posed by bays and straight baselines. Territorial waters - The area of sea around a country's coast recognized as being under that country's jurisdiction, set at 12 nautical miles in 1982. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration *DIAGRAM!! The right of innocent passage for foreign vessels within the territorial sea of a coastal State is defined as "navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of (a) traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or (b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call The Law of the Sea means each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast.. Territoriality is more complicated than just maps. The CLCS uses scientists to evaluate States claims about the extent of their continental shelves and whether they conform to the Conventions standards. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Accessed July 06, 2017. As technology progressed after the 19th century, nations realized that they not only had to protect their local fish stocks but other resources, such as offshore oil fields. This area of the ocean is also a hot-button issue in terms of different countries claiming this territory. States may also establish a contiguous zone from the outer edge of the territorial seas to a maximum of 24 nautical miles from the baseline. The LOSC provides that straight baselines must conform to the general direction of the coast and the sea area lying with the lines must be closely linked to the coast.15 Straight baselines cannot be drawn across low-tide elevations (see definition below). Examples include the U.S. annexation of Texas in 1845, and Germanys annexation of Austria in 1938. This map shows the boundaries of the U.S. EEZ, outlined in yellow, as well as deep and shallow water areas of the U.S. EEZ that have not been mapped as of January 2020. This issue is discussed in more detail in Chapter Ten: The South China Sea Tribunal. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 5, Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S. The United Nations created the law of the sea to avoid conflict over the ocean by establishing laws that cover traditions and treaties. Rock is a legal term and does not refer to any particular type of geological formation. Boundaries serve a variety of purposes, including defining and separating different areas or entities, establishing ownership or jurisdiction, and regulating the movement or behavior of people or other entities. The Heartland Theory suggests that the control of the heartland is crucial to the exercise of global power and influence. A fragmented state is a state whose territory is physically divided into several distinct segments. These nations also opposed Libyas claim to historical use due to a lack of demonstrated usage and its large size. Ocean Interfaces & Human Impacts. According to Ratzel, a nation's territory is like an organism that must grow and expand in order to survive and thrive.
