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Ansari et al., Improved anticancer efficacy of epirubicin by magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomol. A few current strategies are based on the chemistry programmed into the nanosystems that are responsive towards pH or temperature, erosion due to the local chemical environment, redox reaction-based release, and enzyme-mediated release as discussed below [62]. Biotechnol. Nanotechnology has led to several promising results with its applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, including drug delivery [ 2 ], gene therapy, detection and diagnosis, drug carriage, biomarker mapping, targeted therapy, and molecular imaging. Int. Int. statement and Int. The solubility, biodistribution and resistance of anticancer drugstogether form a significant hurdle in improving the pharmacodynamic profile for the treatment of cancer. Disadvantages Nanotechnology offers many potential advantages, however, there are also potential disadvantages of nanotechnology, including: Health risks: There is some concern that exposure to nanoparticles could be harmful to human health, as they can easily penetrate cells and tissues. Soc. In one study, anti-HER2 targeting ligand moieties functionalized on the surface of liposome increased the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles in HER2-expressing cancer cells. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Recently, nanographene oxide complexed with upconverting nanoparticles were used for tumor imaging and photothermal therapy, signifying the potential of multifunctional graphene for clinical antitumor treatments [213]. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. However, more in-depth studies are required to understand the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these systems before clinical translation of mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials. Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal nanoparticles wherein therapeutic molecules will be encapsulated or adsorbed or conjugated in the polymer matrix. Polymeric nanoparticles serve as a versatile platform to deliver drugs due to their different chemical composition, charge and physical structure. Smart Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer. 23(11), 14181423 (2005), D. Peer et al., Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Clin. The in vivo antitumor studies suggested that the tumor volume drastically reduced in mice in the presence of magnetic nanocarrier, magnet and laser. [48] synthesized insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and conjugated it to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) having the anthracycline doxorubicin as therapeutic payload. 49(1), 160172 (2014), P.K.B. Nat. 29, 153162 (2018), X. Would you like email updates of new search results? See this image and copyright information in PMC. Colloids Surf. eCollection 2023. J. Nanomed. C 96, 286294 (2019), D.D. Similarly, in an in vivo environment, many smaller proteins and intrinsic biomolecules bind non-specifically on the surface of nanoparticles, commonly known as Vromans effect [58], leading to changed identity of the whole nanosystem. 12, 77637776 (2017), Y. Li et al., Polyethylenimine-functionalized silver nanoparticle-based co-delivery of paclitaxel to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis. Natl. Better diagnostics. Biophys. Proc. J. Nanomed. have fabricated and characterized such dual ligandreceptor nanosystems using gold (Au) nanoparticles. Biotechnol. Colloids Surf. Due to the lack of understanding of toxicity and in vivo behaviour of nanoformulations, clinical trials are experiencing major setbacks. Similarly, mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with different functional groups resulted in different mechanisms of endocytosis by HeLa cells, providing evidence of surface functional group-dependent uptake [129]. J. B Biointerfaces 170, 718728 (2018), A. Jhaveri et al., Transferrin-targeted, resveratrol-loaded liposomes for the treatment of glioblastoma. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are one of the most useful materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their controllable size and shape, biocompatibility and easy surface functionalization. Eur. J. Liposome Res. Biophys. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Traditional cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Invest. Ghaffari et al., Functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropionic acid for aqueous curcumin delivery: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer assessment. Soe et al., Folate receptor-mediated celastrol and irinotecan combination delivery using liposomes for effective chemotherapy. Emerging evidence has also shown that nanoparticles have the . In contrast, in closed-loop systems the drug release rate is controlled by the presence and intensity of internal stimuli in the vicinity of the target sites [60, 61]. Chem. Cell Mol Biol Lett. Rotello, Sniffing out cancer using chemical nose sensors. Cancer Res. Sci. Nanotechnol. Soc. J. Pharm. Res. The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized . Biomolecule incorporation and conjugation methods will assist equally in development of well-controlled drug delivery systems, filling in shortcomings one system presents. Med. Moreover, they have gained commercial importance because of their tunable drug release kinetics. 9(1), 1410 (2018), J. Shi et al., Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities. ACS Appl. Chu, Cetuximab-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. Colloids Surf. Am. J. Pharm. Additionally, since these nanocarriers interact with the biomolecules and may tend to aggregate forming a protein corona, disturbing the regular function of nanomedicine formulations and rendering them ineffective in controlling the cancer cell growth [286]. ACS Appl. We also discuss issues of nanotoxicity, which is an often-neglected feature of nanotechnology. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Am. Nano-based modalities provide enhanced transport across biological barriers, enable selective targeting ofmalignanttissues/cells, and offer strategies for sustained release of a drug [21, 22]. Besides, liposomal co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can minimize cancer cell drug resistance and make them more sensitive to individual drugs. Am. In additionto functional groups on their branches, they are suitable for loading and binding diverse hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Such thoughtful knowledge will be useful in the rational tailoring of nanomaterials, which can be used for personalized tumor medicine for even higher therapeutic benefits. Iran. Biosci. In a recent study, co-delivery of two chemotherapeutic agents (tamoxifen and imatinib mesylate) using a liposome carrier system was developed to treat breast cancer. Drug packaging efficacy depends on encapsulation or drug conjugation efficiency. Similarly, graphene oxide with galactosylated chitosan with doxorubicin have been developed for the treatment of cancer. They have developed gelatin particles, 100nm in diameter, which upon extravasation into tumor tissue reduce in size to 10nm, through degradation by tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinases [39]. Targeting specificity and payload delivery capacity are two critical parameters required to optimize the efficiency and viability of a nanoparticle-based active targeted systems in in vivo settings. Soc. Brown et al., Gold nanoparticles for the improved anticancer drug delivery of the active component of oxaliplatin. It has been demonstrated thatAu nanoparticles decorated with two different anticancer drugsnot only prolong the drug circulation timebut also enhanced drugtargeting and reduced the risk of drug resistance [143]. Soc. Oncol. However, the design of effective cancer nanotherapeutics remains a great challenge, and only a few nanoformulations have entered clinical trials. J. Photochem. Mater. Cancer is a disease with complex pathological process. Nature 196(4853), 476 (1962), S.K. J. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known for significant adverse effects [2], with most methods targeting non-specifically any rapidly dividing cells irrespective of whether they are tumorous or not. J. Nanosci. 22(27), 1377313781 (2012), Y. Wang et al., Graphene oxide covalently grafted upconversion nanoparticles for combined NIR mediated imaging and photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy. Med. There are two categories of nanosystems, open-loop control systems and closed-loop control systems, grouped according to what activation factors stimulate drug release as schematically shown in Fig. Another polymeric nanoparticle platform that is gaining significant attention as drug delivery systems is polymer micelle nanoparticles. Cells Nanomed. b Prussian blue staining of cells incubated for 4h with different treatments at 20g/mL of iron equivalent dose. Macromol. Doxorubicin-loaded lactoferrin-PLS displayed stronger inhibitory effects in ASGPR-positive HCC cells than with unmodified PEGylated liposomes. Mater. Adv. These studies do raise concerns about how an appropriate optimization of targeting moieties, conjugation approaches and densities play an essential role in the desired outcomes of the therapeutic nanosystems. Schematic illustration representing various challenges involved in the delivery of cancer nanotherapeutics. Chem. Jimmy, Chemical modification of inorganic nanostructures for targeted and controlled drug delivery in cancer treatment. J. Colloids Surf. 66(13), 67326740 (2006), H. Zhou et al., IGF1 receptor targeted theranostic nanoparticles for targeted and image-guided therapy of pancreatic cancer. Carbon-based nanomaterials have also been extensively studied in imaging, delivery and diagnosis of cancer, due to their attractive characteristics such as high surface area, high drug loading capacity, and easily modifiable surfaces [7, 192,193,194,195,196,197]. 11, 20212037 (2016), K. Vimala et al., Green synthesized doxorubicin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles regulates the Bax and Bcl-2 expression in breast and colon carcinoma. Daima et al., Complexation of plasmid DNA and poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) polymers for safe gene delivery. Photobiol. Commun. Release 243, 342356 (2016), S. Sabnis et al., Superparamagnetic reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanocarriers for magnetically guided drug delivery. This increased circulation time can also lead to higher potency and specific antitumor activity. Mater. J. Alginate and chitosan coated single walled carbon nanotubes loaded with curcumin could target human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells, as shown in one recent report [203]. National Library of Medicine 16(4), 12731304 (2017), Y. Chi et al., Redox-sensitive and hyaluronic acid functionalized liposomes for cytoplasmic drug delivery to osteosarcoma in animal models.
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